黄河三角洲土地利用与土地覆被的质量变化   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

许学工  陈晓玲  郭洪海  林辉平 《地理学报》2001,56(6):640-648

土地利用／土地覆被变化（LUCC）在全球环境变化与可持续发展研究中占有重要地位。其质量变化尤能反映人类开发活动的环境效应。运用遥感信息土地分类和植被指数提取、土壤定点采样实测和统计分析相结合的方法，研究了黄河三角洲地区数年至20余年的土地利用／土地覆被的质量变化。其在区域总体上向好的方向发展，但在内部地段间存在着差异和不平衡。盐渍土改造的任务仍然十分艰巨。地力下降的隐患不可忽视。进而分析了变化的驱动力并提出土地持续利用对策。  相似文献   

降雨条件下顺倾向煤系地层边坡稳定性的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李宏儒  张盼  王神尼  赵华鹏 《地质力学学报》2018,24(6):836-848

煤系地层具有岩层软硬不均,层间胶结较差,风化速度快,遇水易软化,结构易破坏导致强度丧失等特点,特别是夹层中炭质泥岩或页岩具有强度低、易活化、易变性和渗透系数相对较小的特点,这决定了其对整体边坡的稳定性具有控制作用。文章分析了煤系地层边坡饱和、非饱和渗流降雨条件（降雨强度）、土性参数（夹层饱和渗透系数）以及边坡形状尺寸（坡脚、夹层倾角、夹层埋深）等因素对边坡渗流特点及稳定性的影响,发现软弱夹层与上下岩体渗透性差异性对边坡稳定性影响明显;软弱夹层埋置越浅,边坡越易失稳;降雨强度越大,边坡越易沿软弱夹层发生滑坡;并非坡脚越大降雨之后边坡的安全系数降低幅度就大,而是随着夹层倾角的增大,边坡的安全系数逐渐降低,边坡越易沿软弱夹层发生滑坡,这些认识对煤系地层边坡的设计和治理有重要的参考意义。   相似文献   

High-resolution sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology and reservoir quality evaluation of the Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area of the Western Slope,Songliao Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Delta-front sand bodies with large remaining hydrocarbon reserves are widespread in the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area of the Western Slope, Songliao Basin, China. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology are performed based on core observations, well logs, and seismic profile interpretations. An evaluation of the reservoir quality of the Yaojia Formation is critical for further petroleum exploration and development. The Yaojia Formation is interpreted as a third-order sequence, comprising a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a regressive systems tract (RST), which spans 4.5 Myr during the Late Cretaceous. Within this third-order sequence, nine fourth-order sequences (FS9–FS1) are recognized. The average duration of a fourth-order sequence is approximately 0.5 Myr. The TST (FS9–FS5) mostly comprises subaqueous distributary channel fills, mouth bars, and distal bars, which pass upward into shallow-lake facies of the TST top (FS5). The RST (FS4–FS1) mainly contains subaqueous distributary-channel and interdistributary-bay deposits. Based on thin-sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-pressure mercury-intrusion (HPMI) analyses, a petrographic study is conducted to explore the impact of the sedimentary cyclicity and facies changes on reservoir quality. The Yaojia sandstones are mainly composed of lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites. The sandstone cements mostly include calcite, illite, chlorite, and secondary quartz, occurring as grain coating or filling pores. The Yaojia sandstones have average core plug porosity of 18.55% and permeability of 100.77 × 10⁻³ μm², which results from abundant intergranular pores and dissolved pores with good connectivity. Due to the relatively coarser sediments and abundant dissolved pores in the feldspars, the FS4–FS1 sandstones have better reservoir quality than the FS9–FS5 sandstones, developing relatively higher porosity and permeability, especially the FS1 and FS2 sandstones. The source–reservoir–cap-rock assemblages were formed with the adjoining semi-deep lake mudstones that were developed in the Nenjiang and Qingshankou Formations. This study reveals the deposition and distribution of the delta-front sand bodies of the Yaojia Formation within a sequence stratigraphic framework as well as the factors controlling the Yaojia sandstones reservoir quality. The research is of great significance for the further exploration of the Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area, as well as in other similar lacustrine contexts.  相似文献   

Prediction of diagenetic facies using well logs – A case study from the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Understanding diagenetic heterogeneity in tight sandstone reservoirs is vital for hydrocarbon exploration. As a typical tight sandstone reservoir, the seventh unit of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (Chang 7 unit), central China, is an important oil-producing interval. Results of helium porosity and permeability and petrographic assessment from thin sections, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence analysis demonstrate that the sandstones have encountered various diagenetic processes encompassing mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation by carbonate, quartz, clay minerals, and dissolution of feldspar and lithic fragments. The sandstones comprise silt-to medium-grained lithic arkoses to feldspathic litharenites and litharenites, which have low porosity (0.5%–13.6%, with an average of 6.8%) and low permeability (0.009 × 10⁻³ μm² to 1.818 × 10⁻³ μm², with an average of 0.106 × 10⁻³ μm²).This study suggests that diagenetic facies identified from petrographic observations can be up-scaled by correlation with wire-line log responses, which can facilitate prediction of reservoir quality at a field-scale. Four diagenetic facies are determined based on petrographic features including intensity of compaction, cement types and amounts, and degree of dissolution. Unstable and labile components of sandstones can be identified by low bulk density and low gamma ray log values, and those sandstones show the highest reservoir quality. Tightly compacted sandstones/siltstones, which tend to have high gamma ray readings and relatively high bulk density values, show the poorest reservoir quality. A model based on principal component analysis (PCA) is built and show better prediction of diagenetic facies than biplots of well logs. The model is validated by blind testing log-predicted diagenetic facies against petrographic features from core samples of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, which indicates it is a helpful predictive model.  相似文献   

多参数水质测试仪在海洋环境污染应急监测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

曹宇峰  蓝虹  黄央央 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(8):62-64

文章以2012年新加坡籍"BARELI"轮触礁事故后的海洋环境污染应急监测为例,对多参数水质测试仪的基本情况、操作步骤、监测结果和质量保证等进行简述。多参数水质测试仪具有便携性、易于操作性、测试快捷性和数据准确性等优势,应用效果良好,适用于海洋环境监测尤其是应急监测,应促进其标准化、规范化和业务化推广使用。  相似文献   

运用多元统计方法识别浙北海域两个典型港湾的水质状况   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶然  刘莲  王琼  叶仙森  曹维  何琴燕  蔡燕红 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):1-10

浙北海域两个典型港湾,杭州湾与象山港的水体污染状况日趋严重。本文运用多元统计方法,对分析了研究海域水体的物理及生物地球化学要素进行了量化分析。结果表明,根据物理及生物地球化学特性,层次聚类分析可将研究海域划分为两个不同的子区域;主成分分析分别在杭州湾和象山港识别出3个潜在的污染源,且陆源径流的输入、沿岸工业排污以及自然演化过程为主要源头。因此,研究海域的生态环境保护刻不容缓,应该立即采取相关措施。  相似文献   

Effect of image segmentation & voxel size on micro-CT computed effective transport & elastic properties     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Digital rock technology is rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field with many promises, including fast turnaround times for core analysis, repeatable analysis, and multiphysics simulation. We study the impact of the image segmentation threshold and image voxel size on image-computed permeability, elastic moduli, and electrical conductivity. Improved quantitative understanding of such effects is critically important when comparing laboratory-measured rock properties with those computed on digital images of rocks. We analyze properties of over 500 binary microstructures (each of size 1024³ voxels) segmented using different segmentation algorithms. We find that uncertainty in computed rock properties, induced due to the choice of segmentation threshold, increases with coarsening of image voxels. Segmentation of the same rock, acquired with different voxels sizes, lead to small variations in porosity but induces relatively large variation in flow and electrical rock properties. This uncertainty is larger for rocks of lower porosity. We find that coarsening of image voxels also leads to rounding and smoothing of pore throats and a sharp decline in specific surface area which results in an increase in computed permeability. We propose simple models to remove the bias in rock properties when image-derived porosity is either overestimated or underestimated due to the choice of the segmentation threshold. This approach is particularly useful when comparing laboratory-measured rock properties to those derived from digital rocks since often the image calculated porosity and the laboratory-measured porosity are not the same. Even after such corrections, the impact of finite image voxel size would still need to be compensated.  相似文献   

基于主体功能区视角下新疆民生质量的区域差异及影响因素     

呼梦霞  杜宏茹  张小雷  杨晶  张璐 《干旱区地理》2017,40(3):655-663

主体功能区定位决定区域的发展方向和重点,各类型区逐步实现公共服务均等化,民生质量发展表现出一定的区域差异。本文基于新疆主体功能区规划和民生发展实际状况构建民生质量评价指标体系,运用熵值法计算2005 年和2014 年各主体功能类型区的民生质量,并结合差异贡献率动态分析各类型区民生差异的影响因素。结果表明：（1）各类型区民生质量存在显著差异,重点开发区最优,重点生态功能区最低;尤其是收入与消费、文化与教育和生态与环境方面水平差距日益拉大。（2）各类型区民生质量发展侧重点各有不同,在文化与教育方面呈现水平共同下滑趋势。（3）各因素对于影响类型区民生质量差异的作用效果不同,收入、消费、交通设施、信息化、医疗卫生和生态平衡水平等成为拉大民生差距的主要因素。（4）收入消费水平和交通设施水平对拉大类型区民生质量差距的强度最为突出,生态平衡水平和信息化水平对拉大差距的程度逐渐加强,社会保障水平和教育水平对缩小差距的作用最强。基于上述分析,对缩小新疆主体功能区民生发展差距,保障基本公共服务均等化提出相应对策建议。  相似文献   

Assessment of Urban Air Pollution and Spatial Spillover Effects in China: Cases of 113 Key Environmental Protection Cities     

GONG Zezhou  ZHANG Xiaoping 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(6):584-594

With rapid urbanization and energy consumption, environmental pollution and degradation have become increasingly serious problems in China. At the beginning of 2013, China implemented new ambient air quality standards (GB 3095-2012) in which the concentration of six pollutants including PM_2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, PM₁₀, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were monitored. This study gathered annual air pollutant concentration data for the six pollutants in 113 key environmental protection cites throughout China in 2014 and 2015 to explain spatial patterns of urban air pollution. Based on the Kernel density estimation method, spatial hotspots of air pollution were illustrated through which spatial cluster of each pollutants could be plotted. By employing an entropy evaluation system, urban air quality was assessed in terms of the six atmospheric pollutants. We conclude that, in general, CO and SO₂ were two important pollutants in most Chinese cities, but this varied greatly among cities. The assessment results indicate that cities with the worst air quality were mainly located in northern and central provinces, dominantly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area. Regression modeling showed that a combination of meteorological factors and human-related determinants, to say specifically, industrialization and urbanization factors, greatly influenced urban air quality variation in China. Results from spatial lag regression modeling confirmed that air pollution existed obvious spatial spillover effects among key cities. The spatial interdependence effects of urban air quality means that Chinese municipal governments should strengthen regional cooperation and deepen bilateral collaboration in terms of air regulation and pollution prevention.  相似文献   

黑龙江绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水水质保护及开发利用建议     

李霄  贾立国  王晓光  朱巍  蔡贺  柴璐 《地质与资源》2017,26(6):596-602

为掌握绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水的水质状况,向地方提供合理的水资源开发建议,本研究以地质、水文地质调查、水样采集等手段为基础,利用模糊综合评价法和层级阶梯法分别进行了研究区地下水水质和污染状况评价,应用物探测试、抽水试验等原位测试技术论证了区域地下水的富水性。以上工作基本查明了研究区地下水的水量和水质现状.认为研究区裂隙承压水一般为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质,污染等级为未污染水,水质状况较好,污染程度较低,宜于饮用;中生代构造破碎带涌水量可达350m³·d^-1以上,建议地方政府应重点围绕构造破碎带开展物探找水,并开展地下水源地分区保护规划.  相似文献